Data transmission at physical level involves the hardware required for handling individual bits and encoding…

Telecommunication systems use electromagnetic waves to transfer information. Electromagnetic waves can travel through transmission media…

Transmitting data across media implies sending bits through the transmission medium. Physically, the data is…

Networking of computers provides a communication link between the users, and provides access to information.…

The word “paradigm” means an example that serves as a pattern or a model. Programming…

As stated earlier, a program is needed to instruct the computer about the way a…

In a computer, there may be multiple processes executing at the same time. Every process…

·         A process is a program in a state of execution. It is a unit of…

OS are classified into different types depending on their capability of processing—(1) Single user, (2)…

CPU sends data, instructions and information to the components inside the computer as well as…